Harvard Theory of Computation Seminar

How to Shuffle in Public

Ben Adida, Harvard



Place and Time: Monday, December 4, Maxwell Dworkin 319 Refreshments at 2:30pm, talk at 2:45pm

ABSTRACT

In open-audit election protocols, there is typically a publicly-verifiable anonymization step, often implemented by a mixnet. Identified encrypted votes are shuffled and re-randomized by a sequence of mix servers. Each mix server performs its task in private and provides a public proof of correct operation. Eventually, the mixnet produces de-identified, decrypted votes.

In this work, we show how to shuffle in public: we obfuscate the functionality of a mixnet in the public-key encryption setting, turning a private shuffle into a public operation. Only verifiable decryption is left as a private operation. We show implementations using distinct properties of the BGN and Paillier cryptosystems.

Though not nearly as efficient as current mixnet protocols, shuffling in public is particularly interesting for the process it enables: all anonymization proofs can be carried out in advance, minimizing private computation on election day. It is also interesting that a functionality as complex as shuffling can be obfuscated at all.

(joint work with Douglas Wikström, ETH Zürich.)