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Afternoon sessions in 123 (up one floor). We ll ask for volunteers to scribe for the three sessions. Need anything: ask Tristen Hubbard Please stay for HIP tomorrow if your schedule permits.@k$ ProvenanceFrom the French word for  source or  origin The complete history or lineage of a object In computer terms: On what is this object based? How was this object created? How can it be re-created? Examples Source code control makejmZUZ ZZmU l%Applications of ProvenanceVHomeland security Archival Science Business compliance Software development Publishingo(The State of Provenance TodayMost provenance is entered manually. Provenance is stored in a database, separately from the data it describes. Many provenance systems are domain-specific. In many fields, provenance support is simply lacking. There must be a better way!J!p,7  p)OutlineWhat is Provenance? What is a Provenance-Aware Storage System? PASS Architecture PASS Prototype Research Challenges ConclusionsX+   = ObservationsProvenance is meta-data Storage systems manage meta-data Low-level layout information Access control lists Modify/access times Generation numbers Some of that meta-data is provenance Why not make the storage system responsible for provenance?9Y%=!!    $$<(B(>.Advantages of Provenance in the Storage SystemGenerate provenance automatically. Requires effort to subvert the provenance system. Data and its provenance can be tightly bound. System-level provenance facilitates reproducibility. Provenance can subsume or augment document management systems. <ZU.5? q*What is a PASS?0Storage systems (e.g., file systems) in which provenance is a first class entity. Provenance: is generated and maintained as transparently as possible. can be indexed and queried. will be created from objects imported from non-PASS sources. is maintained in the presence of deletes, copies, renames, etc.H^ZZ^V=? x-#Limitations of Automatic Provenance(For now) Assume that all input comes from objects that reside in a PASS. With no human intervention, it is possible to automatically construct the provenance for any objects produced/created. Removes any source of inconsistency Guarantees that all objects are  provenanced Some data does not come from objects in PASS. What is provenance of a file into which you type? What is the provenance of file generated by a measurement device (e.g., telescope, medical sensor, router)?\ZRZ0ZZR0 y.Index and QueryUsers will want to query provenance Show me everything derived from my file Show me everything upon which I depend Provenance schema is not fixed My experiment will have different parameters from yours; parameters are part of the provenance of the result. Applications and users may care about provenance that is not visible to the system. The challenges of manually created data, index, query, and application-specific provenance require an extensible data management approach.$ZOZZZ!Z$O  <B;BDegree of Automation@Data that come from PASS files is easy. What about data from user input? Or devices? Proposed Solution: three types of provenance Fully automatic: the easy stuff Semi-automatic: provenance that can be deterministically extracted from a data source. Manual: grab what you can; allow users to provide annotations as well.X(.- WFAExtensibility via annotationsHow do you capture provenance for GUI input? Capture mouse clicks? Do nothing? Allow provenance-aware applications? Similar challenges arise in  environments R Matlab Proposed Solution: permit additions to provenance from applications and users. Call these annotations.-G+ h" B"B$ B B+B[ B  $B$(B(,,iz/OutlineWhat is Provenance? What is a Provenance-Aware Storage System? PASS Architecture PASS Prototype Research Challenges Conclusions>?@  9Our Definition of ProvenanceAttribute-value pairs. Some attributes are standard (OS, CPU). Some attributes are application-specific (e.g., a particular experiment has a value for nParticles). Some attributes may be domain-specific (e.g., all LHC experiments have a particle type). Attribute set must be extensible2Z"!Z" ~FPASS ComponentsG The CollectorrMonitor process event stream and translate it into provenance event stream. Transmit provenance events to the storage system for safe-keeping. What process events are relevant: Process mangement: fork, exec File I/O: close, read, write Other information flow: shmap, mmap Handle trickiness Cycles detection and elimination or cycle avoidance When provenance gets writtenvZ_ZZQZ"A  Q> BdIThe Schema LayerImplements provenance access control. Provides a schema from which to query. Provides a general-purpose schema on top of which domain-specific systems can be constructed.0&'] HThe Storage SystemA file system: store data as would a non-PASS. Store provenance and its metadata: schema indexes access control information the actual provenance Guarantee integrity and coordination of data and provenance.JRZ@Z=ZR*= J Miscellania Early experience with our prototype suggests: The collector and schema should coordinate so that users can create scripts that transform some input into another input. The query tool and schema should coordinate to limit the depth of ancestry/descendency returned. Since provenance is inherently forest-structured, visual display is as important (or more so) than textual display. Performing in-kernel cycle detection and eradication is complex and ugly; avoidance would be a nice approach. Z..zat  n EOutlineWhat is Provenance? What is a Provenance-Aware Storage System? PASS Architecture PASS Prototype Research Challenges Conclusions@?D@  KImplementation PlatformLinux 2.4 In-kernel transactional data store Port of Berkeley DB into the kernel. Provided by SUNY Stonybrook. Provenance And STorAge layer: PASTA Stacked file system Constructed using FiSTb-B$+ #% $+>c 4LArchitecture to ImplementationK N TerminologyPnode: provenance node An in-memory structure that represents all provenance on an object. Pnode number A unique identifier for a pnode. All on-disk provenance is tagged by pnode number." D"  " S" D ! 1HV"& O Record Types~NAME: full path name INPUT_FILE; pnode number of a file that was read PREV_VERSION: if it exists, the pnode number of a previous version of an object. ARGUMENTS: reference to a command line ENVIRONMENT: reference to an environment description SYSTEM: reference to a system description PROC_NAME: name of a process that wrote to an object. PID: pid of a process writing to an object.Z1Q'  5)6+  $$>!@$MSchemaFive BDB Databases Provenance: keyed by a pnode number and record type; data is value for that record type (duplicates OK). Map: keyed by inode number; data is pnode number. Argdata: collection of all command lines (keyed by unique ID) Cmdindex: inverse mapping of argdata (key is command line; data is unique ID) Argindex: index on uses of a provenanced object (keyed by command line options; data is pnode number) lpr -d missmuffet file Assume file s pnode number is 7: {lpr,7},{-d,7}, {missmuffet,7},{file 7} ZZ`!ZZi2>  `C*[ 7* 0  7Q Query ToolXC-program Directly reads KBDB tables Supports Ancestry queries Trivial script generationN.+   PNotable Missing FeaturesAccess control model for provenance Proper tagging of files obtained from a network connection Full and complete pipe handling System provenance General purpose query tool Management and configuration tools Annotation supportb$;  # DOutline~What is Provenance? What is a Provenance-Aware Storage System PASS Architecture PASS Prototype Research Challenges ConclusionsN>D @  5Research Challenges (1)Security: what is the right security model of provenance (and how do you expose that model to the user)? Search: can we do better than general-purpose search? How? APIs: how do we export provenance to support applications? Schema: how do we construct a substrate on to of which one can easily construct domain-specific systems? The Wire: how do we implement distributed PASS? Pruning: when can we delete provenance? ZZZFi0(  F8Research Challenges (2)Evaluation: how do we evaluate PASS? To what do we compare? What are the relevant metrics? Distributed Search: If you want to perform global search across a massive collection of PASS s, what do you do? Ship meta-data? Ship queries? Versioning: Does it make sense to build PASS on a non-versioning file system? Your Good Areas go here! RUZ<  COutline~What is Provenance? What is a Provenance-Aware Storage System PASS Architecture PASS Prototype Research Challenges ConclusionsN>D   @; Conclusions0The  Provenance Problem arises in many domains. There is sufficient commonality among the domains that we should be building a common infrastructure on which to develop domain-specific approaches. Addressing the research challenges will be stimulating. Building this will be fun!Z<Workshop GoalsBuild a community. Discuss in depth some of the important challenges. Identify other fertile research areas. Decide when to meet again. Pick dates Suggest names for other attendees Talk up the eventb?3' "/t|   !"#$%&'()*+,-./0  0` ` ̙33` 333MMM` ff3333f` f` f` 3>?" dd@$|?" dd@  " @ ` n?" dd@   @@``PR    @ ` ` p>> 6(    6\ P  T Click to edit Master title style! !  0|   RClick to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level!     S  0  `p  <   0  `   Z*p  C :A"logo-transparent"0(v  ^fA޽h @ ?redback 3f̙33 Default Design'  0  9(    6pd p  T Click to edit Master title style! !  0  P`  W#Click to edit Master subtitle style$ $P  C A"po v  ^fA޽h @ ?redback 3f̙33 0 zr`P (  P P 0H P   P*   P 0"    R*  d P c $ ?    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3f̙33___PPT10i.Ur+D=' J= @B +} / 0 ( " l  C <\P   l  C ]  H  0޽h ? 3f̙33___PPT10i.UrOj?+D=' J= @B + ( 0 p0(  x  c $(dP   x  c $d  H  0޽h ? 3f̙33___PPT10i.@[Ԣ+D=' J= @B +y   0 $(  r  S nP   r  S o  H  0޽h ? 3f̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' J= @B +y  0  ($(  (r ( S P   r ( S   H ( 0޽h ? 3f̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' J= @B + ) 0 `0( DXTCP5 x  c $0P   x  c $  H  0޽h ? 3f̙33___PPT10i.@[Ԣ+D=' J= @B +y  0 @8$(  8r 8 S 4P   r 8 S    H 8 0޽h ? 3f̙33y___PPT10Y+D=' J= @B + * 0 PD$(  Dr D S P   r D S   H D 0޽h ? 3f̙33___PPT10i.K"+D=' J= @B +( 0 Phx(  h^ h S P     h c $d<P @   n:Before workshop, add intro slides: agenda, logistics, etc.;;H h 0޽h#6 ? ̙33* 0 pL(  ^  S P      c $P @   B.Point 1: That is, it is file system meta-data H  0޽h#6 ? ̙33. 0 ^(  ^  S P      c $hP @   T@Note that these queries are hard (recursive) Is this Long horn? This is the intersection of databases and file systems: Either way, it s the story of my life. H  0޽h#6 ? ̙335 0 |t (  ^  S P    n  c $P @    We ll delve into the red ones today and leave the others for informal conversations or the next workshop.jH  0޽h#6 ? ̙33 8 0 ,](  ,^ , S P     , c $`P @  ^___PPTMac1180   |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography  <___PPT10R___PPT94, GEvaluation is actually a key question for all these stages. To what can we compare? Domain specific solutions? What metrics do we care about? Distribution: shipping meta-data brings back the separation of data and provenance. &T H , 0޽h#6 ? ̙337; 0  <(  <^ < S P     < c $P @   }iLooking for collaborators; future users; people who know something about provenance in a specific domain.H < 0޽h#6 ? ̙33S( 0 @c(  @^ @ S P     @ c $P @   YEWe are storage geeks: provenance is just a special case of meta-data.H @ 0޽h#6 ? ̙3380___PPT10.J z- 0 zrL (  L^ L S P    l L c $(P @  ___PPTMac11 x  <___PPT10R___PPT94, x6All input: nothing comes from a user s brain. Think of a physical simulation that takes and input file, runs a program with some set of parameters and produces an output file. So, hold that thought for a minute, while we talk about query and index and then we ll come back to this.&jH L 0޽h#6 ? ̙33N > 0   `X^ ( fi/ycaec XX X C P      X S \FP @  ___PPTMac11   |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography     |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography     |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography  T___PPT104,___PPT9d\ 6Historical context: it was at last year s HIP that we made the observation that you can collect provenance automatically Point 2: in contrast to forgetting to enter provenance in the database or maliciously deciding not to or maliciously entering incorrect provenance. Point 3: can make tools like backup/restore include provenance w/data Point 4: Reproducibility is not archival -- we re not interested in solving that problem -- that s a big enough problem in and off itself. Point 5: Whatever you do for Sarbanes Oxley -- we can help. DE <MH X 0޽h#6 ? ̙3380___PPT10.'r%GA 0 :2p( rohcngam pX p C P    F2 p S ВP @  F^___PPTMac1180   |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography  <___PPT10R___PPT94, \This is the dimension that considers how visible provenance is to the system. Mouse clicks don t necessarily tell you enough -- we want to know what analysis was selected or &N`[OH p 0޽h#6 ? ̙3380___PPT10.@r : B 0   @xJ ( egs syet xX x C P    F  x S 'FP @  F___PPTMac11   |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography     |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography     |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography     |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography  T___PPT104,___PPT9d\ Semi-automatic: assume that you can insert a  filter between a device and the storage system (I.e., do what is done today). What we can grab: 1) created by user 2) using program 3) at time T 4) on system S When we talk about challenges a bit later, we ll talk about how to treat annotations versus provenance and what the security ramifications are. By now, I hope we ve established what a PASS is and how we view the provenance problem. So, let s start to delve into the technical details.D}R >FH x 0޽h#6 ? ̙3380___PPT10.Arl9 0 P||( {5 |X | C P    F | S  )FP @  F ~jWe call the stuff we generate automatically provenance and call application or user additions annotationsH | 0޽h#6 ? ̙3380___PPT10.ErDF 0 F>(  X  C P    F>  S FFP @  F^___PPTMac1180   |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography  <___PPT10R___PPT94, This is a logical picture: stuff happens either from a network or from a user-process. That stuff goes through a process called  collection . That collection process generates provenance records. &6H  0޽h#6 ? ̙3380___PPT10.Kr&4tI 0 (  X  C P    F  S `QFP @  F rPoint 3 means it s got to be pretty simple and low-level.H  0޽h#6 ? ̙3380___PPT10.NrÐ$ 0 x0(  X  C P    Fx  3 WFP @  F  H  0޽h#6 ? ̙3380___PPT10.OrLm% 0 x@( st>yseMmegasKNSP X  C P    Fx  3 \FP @  F  H  0޽h#6 ? ̙3380___PPT10.OrLm) 0 x`( pa:  X  C P    Fx  3 bFP @  F  H  0޽h#6 ? ̙3380___PPT10.Or,m= 0 xp( ? X  C P    Fx  3 hhFP @  F  H  0޽h#6 ? ̙3380___PPT10.Or,m/ 0 x(  X  C P    Fx  3 0nFP @  F  H  0޽h#6 ? ̙3380___PPT10.Or}nG 0 x(  X  C P    Fx  3 sFP @  F  H  0޽h#6 ? ̙3380___PPT10.Or}n)K 0 9(  X  C P    F  S yFP @  F ;'2.4 for compatibility with SUNY folks? H  0޽h#6 ? ̙3380___PPT10.PrH 0 x(  X  C P    Fx  3 nFP @  F  H  0޽h#6 ? ̙3380___PPT10.Rr# J 0 x( p$H$ X  C P    Fx  3 ̄FP @  F  H  0޽h#6 ? ̙3380___PPT10.Rr# E 0 x( ? X  C P    Fx  3 FP @  F  H  0޽h#6 ? ̙3380___PPT10.Rr# L 0 x( @ X  C P    Fx  3 tFP @  F  H  0޽h#6 ? ̙3380___PPT10.Rr# D 0 x(  H$ $ X  C P    Fx  3 hFP @  F  H  0޽h#6 ? ̙3380___PPT10.Rr# C 0 x ( ˄s X  C P    Fx  3 0FP @  F  H  0޽h#6 ? ̙3380___PPT10.Rr# < 0 x0( [$ $ X  C P    Fx  3 FP @  F  H  0޽h#6 ? ̙3380___PPT10.Rr# O 0 JBp(  X  C P    FB  S (FP @  F^___PPTMac1180   |namdtTimes New Roman&Monotype Typography  <___PPT10R___PPT94, ZProvenance is stored as a collection of typed records Explain how input_file gets created &[6$,' H  0޽h#6 ? ̙3380___PPT10.Tr? 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